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![5.2.4 5.2.4](/uploads/1/2/6/3/126388059/214096655.jpeg)
- The textual version of the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for software speech synthesis will be automatically installed on the target system. If several sound cards are detected, you will be prompted to press Enter when you hear speech from the desired sound card.
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Some users may need specific support because of e.g. some visualimpairment.USB braille displays are detectedautomatically (not serial displays connected via a serial-to-USB converter),but most otheraccessibility features have to be enabled manually.On machines that support it, the boot menu emits beepswhen it is ready to receive keystrokes. It beeps once on BIOS systems,and beeps twice on UEFI systems.Some boot parameters can then be appended toenable accessibility features (see alsoSection 5.1.7, “The Boot Screen”).Note that on most architectures the boot loader interprets your keyboard asa QWERTY keyboard.
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The Debian installer supports several front-ends for asking questions, withvarying convenience for accessibility: notably,
text
uses plain text while newt
uses text-based dialogboxes. The choice can be made at the boot prompt, see the documentation forDEBIAN_FRONTEND
in Section 5.3.2, “Debian Installer Parameters”.USB braille displays should be automatically detected. A textual versionof the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for thebraille display will be automatically installed on the target system.You can thus just press Enter at the boot menu.Once
brltty
is started, you can choose a brailletable by entering the preference menu. Documentation on keybindings for braille devices is available on the brltty
website.Serial braille displays cannot safely be automatically detected(since that may damage some of them). You thus need to append the
brltty=driver
,port
boot parameter to tell brltty
which driver and port itshould use. driver
should be replaced by thetwo-letter driver code for your terminal (see theBRLTTY manual).port
should be replaced by the name of theserial port the display is connected to, ttyS0
isthe default, ttyUSB0
can be typically used when using a serial-to-USB converter.A third parameter can be provided, to choose the name of thebraille table to be used (see the BRLTTYmanual); the English table is the default. Note that the table canbe changed later by entering the preference menu. A fourth parametercan be provided to pass parameters to the braille driver, such asprotocol=foo
which is needed for some rare models.Documentation on keybindings for braille devices is available on the brltty
website.Textual 5.2.4 Notes
Support for software speech synthesis is available on all installer images whichhave the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD images, and thenetboot gtk variant. It can be activated by selecting it in theboot menu by typing
s
Enter. The textual versionof the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for softwarespeech synthesis will be automatically installed on the target system.If several sound cards are detected, you will be prompted to press Enterwhen you hear speech from the desired sound card.
The first question (language) is spoken in english, and the remainderof installation is spoken in the selected language (if available in
espeak
).The default speech rate is quite slow. To make it faster, pressCapsLock+6.To make it slower, pressCapsLock+5.The default volume should be medium. To make it louder, pressCapsLock+2.To make it quieter, pressCapsLock+1.To get more details on the browsing shortcuts, see theSpeakup guide.To just accept the default answer for a question, simply pressEnter at the prompt.To provide an empty answer for a question, type
!
at theprompt.To get back to the previous question, type <
at theprompt.Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is available on all installerimages which have the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD images,and the netboot gtk variant. You thus need to select a “Graphicalinstall” entry in the boot menu.
Hardware speech synthesis devices cannot be automatically detected. Youthus need to append the
speakup.synth=driver
boot parameter to tell speakup
which driver it shoulduse. driver
should be replaced by the driver codefor your device (see driver codelist). The textual version of the installer will then beautomatically selected, and support for the speech synthesis device will beautomatically installed on the target system.Textual 5.2.4 3
Some accessibility devices are actual boards that are plugged inside themachine and that read text directly from the video memory. To get themto work framebuffer support must be disabled by using the
vga=normal
fb=false
boot parameter. This will however reduce the number of available languages.If desired a textual version of the bootloader can be activated before addingthe boot parameter by typing
h
Enter.For users with low vision, the installer can use a high-contrastcolor theme that makes it more readable. To enable it, you canuse the “Accessible high contrast” entry from the boot screen with the
c
shortcut, or append thetheme=dark
boot parameter.For users with low vision, the graphical installer has a very basic zoom support: the Control++ andControl+- shortcutsincrease and decrease the font size.
5.2.9. Expert install, rescue mode, automated install
Expert, Rescue, and Automated installation choices are also availablewith accessibility support. To access them, one has to first enter the“Advanced options” submenu from the boot menu by typing
a
. When using a BIOS system (the boot menu willhave beeped only once), this has to be followed by Enter ;for UEFI systems (the boot menu will have beeped twice) that must not be done. Then, toenable speech synthesis, s
can optionally be pressed(followed again by Enter on BIOS systems but not on UEFI systems). From there, variousshortcuts can be used: x
for expert installation,r
for rescue mode, or a
forautomated installation. Again these need to be followed by Enter whenusing a BIOS system.Textual 5.2.4 And Key
The automated install choice allows to install Debian completelyautomatically by using preseeding, whose source can be entered afteraccessibility features get started. Preseeding itself is documented in Appendix B, Automating the installation using preseeding.
Documentation on accessibility of the installed system is available on theDebian Accessibility wiki page.