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BW = im2bw(I,level) converts the grayscale image I to binary image BW, by replacing all pixels in the input image with luminance greater than level with the value 1 (white) and replacing all other pixels with the value 0 (black). This range is relative to the signal levels possible for the image's class. Welcome to the homepage of Imagine Picture Viewer. Imagine Picture Viewer is a simple photo-viewer for Windows with some basic picture-editing capability. The project is based on Microsoft.net Framework. Further this project is targeted to be built for Linux. Portable Network Graphics (PNG, officially pronounced / p ɪ ŋ / PING, also commonly pronounced / ˌ p iː ɛ n ˈ dʒ iː / PEE-en-JEE) is a raster-graphics file-format that supports lossless data compression.PNG was developed as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). PNG supports palette-based images (with palettes of 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colors.
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'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by The Pain Train on 1/13/20 at 11:48 pm
Image: https://i.imgur.com/KS4kHzu.gif
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by The Pain Train on 1/13/20 at 11:52 pm to The Pain Train
Some other farks because..well..championship!!!
Image: https://i.imgur.com/uBsIQJJ.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/2wp6pZf.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/B4ixRCo.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/znnF9sY.jpg
Image: https://i.imgur.com/uBsIQJJ.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/2wp6pZf.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/B4ixRCo.gif
Image: https://i.imgur.com/znnF9sY.jpg
Nole Man
Florida State Fan
Somewhere In Tennessee!
Member since May 2011
4013 posts
Florida State Fan
Somewhere In Tennessee!
Member since May 2011
4013 posts
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by Nole Man on 1/14/20 at 7:46 am to The Pain Train
'Gradulations to the Tigers, 'Coach O' and 'Jeaux'!
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/New%20Coach%20O%20Pimp_zpslk7cgebt.jpg
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/Burreaux_zps9mfpxxui.jpg
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/Heisman%20House%201_zpsdg8kvzsw.jpg
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/New%20Coach%20O%20Pimp_zpslk7cgebt.jpg
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/Burreaux_zps9mfpxxui.jpg
Image: https://oi164.photobucket.com/albums/u29/thenoleman/Tiger%20Droppings/Heisman%20House%201_zpsdg8kvzsw.jpg
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idlewatcher
LSU Fan
Houston
Member since Jan 2012
46002 posts
LSU Fan
Houston
Member since Jan 2012
46002 posts
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by idlewatcher on 1/14/20 at 2:51 pm to The Pain Train
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Tiger Prawn
LSU Fan
Member since Dec 2016
14717 posts
LSU Fan
Member since Dec 2016
14717 posts
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by Tiger Prawn on 1/15/20 at 2:36 pm to The Pain Train
Perfectly fitting that Clemson with Trevor Lawrence is the blonde chick
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by The Pain Train on 1/15/20 at 7:51 pm to Tiger Prawn
quote:
Tiger Prawn
Perfectly fitting that Clemson with Trevor Lawrence is the blonde chick
That's why I was hoping Clemson would beat Ohio State.
I had the Georgia and OSU ones done from the GIF below. I just needed Clemson to be the last dick-slap in line to have everything fall perfectly into place.
Image: https://i.imgur.com/7Rjgf8j.gif
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pitbull20
LSU Fan
Somewhere close.. real close
Member since Oct 2003
7762 posts
LSU Fan
Somewhere close.. real close
Member since Oct 2003
7762 posts
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by pitbull20 on 1/23/20 at 12:52 am to The Pain Train
Great work, I would like to use the Boss pic as an avatar if it's ok by you. Does it need a resize for that application? On a mobile atm.
Pic To Gif 1.1.0 Apk
re: 'Big Dick' Burrow GIF (Championship Update)Posted by The Pain Train on 1/23/20 at 11:41 am to pitbull20
Here you go.
With my permission and properly sized for avatar use.
Image: https://i.imgur.com/hW95eRF.jpg
With my permission and properly sized for avatar use.
Image: https://i.imgur.com/hW95eRF.jpg
Pic To Gif 1.1.0 Software
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Now let's look at exactly how we go about storing an image in a GIFfile. The GIF format is a raster format, meaning it stores image databy remembering the color of every pixel in the image. Morespecifically, GIF files remember the index of the color in a colortable for each pixel. To make that clearer, let's review thesample image we used in the firstsection.
Actual Size(10x10) | Enlarged(100x100) | Color Table
|
The color table came from the global color table block. The colorsare listed in the order which they appear in the file. The first coloris given an index of zero. When we send the codes, we always start atthe top left of the image and work our way right. When we get to theend of the line, the very next code is the one that starts the nextline. (The decoder will 'wrap' the image based on the imagedimensions.) We could encode our sample image in the followingway:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1,0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, ..
The above listing shows the sequence required to render the first fivelines of the image. We could continue with this method until we'vespecified the color for every pixel; however, this can result in arather large file. Luckily for us, the GIF format allows us to takeadvantage of repetition in our output and to compress our data.
Much of the following information came from John Barkaus's tutorialLZW and GIF Explained, which seems to have fallen off theweb. I've tried to provide more detailed samples as wellas illustrations to make the process even clearer
LZW Compression
The compression method GIF use is a variant of LZW(Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression. To start using this method, we need acode table. This code table will allow us to usespecial codes to indicate a sequence of colors rather than just one ata time. The first thing we do is to initialize the codetable. We start by adding a code for each of the colors in thecolor table. This would be a local color table if one was provided, orthe global color table. (I will be starting all codes with'#' to distinguish them from color indexes.)
Code | Color(s) |
---|---|
#0 | 0 |
#1 | 1 |
#2 | 2 |
#3 | 3 |
#4 | Clear Code |
#5 | End Of Information Code |
I added a code for each of the colors in the global color table ofour sample image. I also snuck in two special control codes. (Thesespecial codes are only used in the GIF version of LZW, not in standardLZW compression.) Our code table is now considered initialized.
Let me now explain what those special codes are for. The first new code is the clear code (CC). Whenever you come across the clear code in the image data, it's your cue to reinitialize the code table. (I'll explain why you might need to do this in a bit.) The second new code is the end of information code (EOI). When you come across this code, this means you've reached the end of the image. Here I've placedthe special codes right after the color codes, but actually the value ofthe special codes depends on the value of the LZW minimum code sizefrom the image data block. If the LZW minimum code size is the same asthe color table size, then special codes immediatly follow the colors; howeverit is possible to specify a larger LWZ minimum code size which may leavea gap in the codes where no colors are assigned. This can besummarizaed in the following table.
LWZ Min Code Size | Color Codes | Clear Code | EOI Code |
---|---|---|---|
2 | #0-#3 | #4 | #5 |
3 | #0-#7 | #8 | #9 |
4 | #0-#15 | #16 | #17 |
5 | #0-#31 | #32 | #33 |
6 | #0-#63 | #64 | #65 |
7 | #0-#127 | #128 | #129 |
8 | #0-#255 | #256 | #257 |
Before we proceed, let me define two more terms. First the index stream will be the list of indexes of the color for each of the pixels. This is the input we will be compressing. The code stream will be the list of codes we generate as output. Theindex buffer will be the list of color indexeswe care 'currently looking at.' The index buffer will contain a listof one or more color indexes. Now we can step though the LZW compression algorithm. First, I'll just list the steps. After thatI'll walk through the steps with our specific example.
- Initialize code table
- Always start by sending a clear code to the code stream.
- Read first index from index stream. This value is now the valuefor the index buffer
- <LOOP POINT>
- Get the next index from the index stream to the index buffer. We willcall this index, K
- Is index buffer + K in our code table?
- Yes:
- add K to the end of the index buffer
- if there are more indexes, return to LOOP POINT
- No:
- Add a row for index buffer + K into our code table with the next smallest code
- Output the code for just the index buffer to our code steam
- Index buffer is set to K
- K is set to nothing
- if there are more indexes, return to LOOP POINT
- Output code for contents of index buffer
- Output end-of-information code
Seems simple enough, right? It really isn't all that bad. Let'swalk though our sample image to show you how this works. (The steps Iwill be describing are summarized in the following table. Numbershighlighted in green are in the index buffer; numbers in purple arethe current K value.) We have already initialized our code table. Westart by doing two things: we output our clear code (#4) to the codestream, and we read the first color index from the index stream, 1,into our index buffer [Step 0].
Now we enter the main loop of the algorithm. We read the next indexin the index stream, 1, into K [Step 1]. Next we see if we have arecord for the index buffer plus K in the code stream. In this case welooking for 1,1. Currently our code table only contains single colorsso this value is not in there. Now we will actually add a new row toour code table that does contain this value. The next available codeis #6, we will let #6 be 1,1. Note that we do not actually send thiscode to the code stream, instead we send just the code for thevalue(s) in the index buffer. The index buffer is just 1 and the codefor 1 is #1. This is the code we output. We now reset the index bufferto just the value in K and K becomes nothing. [Step 2].
We continue by reading the next index into K. [Step 3]. Now K is 1 and theindex buffer is 1. Again we look to see if there is a value in our codetable for the buffer plus K (1,1) and this time there is. (In fact we justadded it.) Therefore we add K to the end of the index buffer and clear outK. Now our index buffer is 1,1. [Step 4].
The next index in the index stream is yet another 1. This is ournew K [Step 5]. Now the index buffer plus K is 1,1,1 which we do nothave a code for in our code table. As we did before, we define a newcode and add it to the code table. The next code would be #7; thus #7= 1, 1, 1. Now we kick out the code for just the values in the indexbuffer (#6 = 1,1) to the code stream and set the index buffer to beK. [Step 6].
Step | Action | Index Stream | New Code Table Row | Code Stream |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Init | 11111222221111.. | #4 | |
1 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 | |
2 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #6 - 1, 1 | #4 #1 |
3 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 | |
4 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 | |
5 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 | |
6 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #7 - 1, 1, 1 | #4 #1 #6 |
7 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 | |
8 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 | |
9 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 | |
10 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #8 - 1, 1, 2 | #4 #1 #6 #6 |
11 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 | |
12 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #9 - 2, 2 | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 |
13 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 | |
14 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 | |
15 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 | |
16 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #10 - 2, 2, 2 | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 |
17 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 | |
18 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 | |
19 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 | |
20 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #11 - 2, 2, 1 | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 |
21 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 | |
22 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 | |
23 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 | |
24 | Found | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 | |
25 | Read | 11111222221111.. | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 | |
26 | Not Found | 11111222221111.. | #12 - 1, 1, 1, 1 | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 #7 |
I've included a few more steps to help you see the pattern. Youkeep going until you run out of indexes in the index stream. Whenthere is nothing new to read, you simply write out the code forwhatever values you may have in your index buffer. Finally you shouldsend the end-of-information code to the code stream. In this example,that code is #5. (View the complete code table.)
As you can see we dynamically built many new codes for our codetable as we compressed the data. For large files this can turn into alarge number of codes. It turns out that the GIF format specifies amaximum code of #4095 (this happens to be the largest 12-bitnumber). If you want to use a new code, you have to clear out all ofyour old codes. You do this by sending the clear code (which for oursample was the #4). This tells the decoder that you are reinitializingyour code table and it should too. Then you start building your owncodes again starting just after the value for your end-of-informationcode (in our sample, we would start again at #6).
The final code stream would look like this:
#4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 #7 #8 #10 #2 #12 #1 #14 #15 #6 #0 #21 #0 #10 #7 #22 #23 #18 #26 #7 #10 #29 #13 #24 #12 #18 #16 #36 #12 #5
This is only 36 codes versus the 100 that would be required without compression.
LZW Decompression
At some point we will need to turn this code stream back intoa picture. To do this, we only need to know the values in the streamand the size of the color table that was used. That's it. You remember thatbig code table we built during compression? We actually have enough informationin the code stream itself to be able to rebuild it.
Again, i'll list the algorithm and then we will walk though an example. Letme define a few terms i will be using. CODE will be current code we're working with. CODE-1 will be the code just before CODE in the code stream. {CODE} will be the value for CODE in the code table. For example, using the codetable we created during compression, if CODE=#7 then {CODE}=1,1,1. In the same way, {CODE-1} would be the value in the code table for the code that came before CODE. Looking at step 26 from the compression, if CODE=#7, then {CODE-1} would be {#9}, not {#6}, which was 2,2.
- Initialize code table
- let CODE be the first code in the code stream
- output {CODE} to index stream
- <LOOP POINT>
- let CODE be the next code in the code stream
- is CODE in the code table?
- Yes:
- output {CODE} to index stream
- let K be the first index in {CODE}
- add {CODE-1}+K to the code table
- No:
- let K be the first index of {CODE-1}
- output {CODE-1}+K to index stream
- add {CODE-1}+K to code table
- return to LOOP POINT
Let's start reading though the code stream we've created to show how to turn it back into a list of color indexes. The first value in the code stream should be a clear code. This means we should initialize our code table. To do this we must know how many colors are in our color table. (This information comes from the first byte in the image data block in the file. More on this later.) Again we will set up codes #0-#3 to be each of the four colors and add in the clear code (#4) and end of information code (#5).
The next step is to read the first color code. In the following table you will see the values of CODE highlighted in purple, and the values forCODE-1 highlighted in green. Our first CODE value is #1. We then output{#1}, or simply 1, to the index stream [Step 0].
Now we enter the main loop of the algorithm. The next code gets assignedto CODE which now makes that value #6. Next we check to see if this valueis in our code table. At this time, it is not. This means we must find the first index in the value of {CODE-1} and call this K. Thus K = first index of{CODE-1} = first index of {#1} = 1. Now we output {CODE-1} + K to the index stream and add this value to our code table. The means we output 1,1 and give this value a code of #6 [Step 1].
Step | Action | Code Stream | New Code Table Row | Index Stream |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Init | #4#1 #6 #6 #2 #9 #9 #7 .. | 1 | |
1 | Not Found | #4#1#6 #6 #2 #9 #9 #7 .. | #6 - 1, 1 | 1, 1, 1 |
2 | Found | #4 #1#6#6 #2 #9 #9 #7 .. | #7 - 1, 1, 1 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 |
3 | Found | #4 #1 #6#6#2 #9 #9 #7 .. | #8 - 1, 1, 2 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 |
4 | Not Found | #4 #1 #6 #6#2#9 #9 #7 .. | #9 - 2, 2 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2 |
5 | Found | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2#9#9 #7 .. | #10 - 2, 2, 2 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 |
6 | Found | #4 #1 #6 #6 #2 #9#9#7 .. | #11 - 2, 2, 1 | 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1 |
We start the loop again by reading the next code. CODE now would be#6 and this time we do have a record for this code in our codetable. Thus we dump {#6} to the index stream which would be 1,1.Now we take the first index in {#6} and call that K. Here, {#6} hastwo indexes, the first of which is 1; thus K = 1. Before movingon, we add {CODE-1}+K to the code table. This #7 is now 1, 1, 1 [Step 2].
I've included a few more steps so you can see the algorithm in action. Whilethe explanation may sound complicated, you can see it's actually quite simple.You'll also notice that you end up building the exact same code tableas the one that was created during compression. This is the reason thatLZW is so great; we can just share the codes and not the table.
Saving the Code Stream as Bytes
I've shown you how to go back and forth between index and code stream, buthaven't told you what to do with them. The index stream is used to specify thecolor of each of the pixel of your image and really only shows up on screen.It is the code stream that is actually saved in the GIF files on your computer or transmitted over the internet. In order to save these code streams, we mustturn them into bytes. Textual 5.2.4 3. The first thought might be to store each of the codesas its own byte; however this would limit the max code to just #255 and result in a lot of wasted bits for the small codes. To solve these problems,the GIF file format actually uses flexible code sizes.
Flexible code sizes allow for further compression by limiting the bitsneeded to save the code stream as bytes. The code size is the number of bits it takes to store the value of the code. When we talk about bits, we're referring to the 1's and 0's that make up a byte. The codes are converted to their binary values to come up with the bits. To specify the code for #4, you would look at this binary equivalent, which is 100, and see that you would need three bits to store this value. The largest codevalue in our sample code stream is #36 (binary: 100100) which would take 6 bits to encode. Note that the number of bits i've just given is the minimum number. You can make the number take up more bits by addingzeros to the front.
We need a way to know what size each of the codes are. Recall that the image data block begins with a single byte value called the LZW minimum code size. The GIF format allows sizes as smallas 2 bits and as large as 12 bits. This minimum code size value is typicallythe number of bits/pixel of the image. So if you have 32 colors in your image,you will need 5 bits/pixel (for numbers 0-31 because 31 in binary is 11111). Thus, this will most likely be one more than the bit value for the size of the color table you are using. (Even if you only have two colors, the minimumcode size most be at least 2.) Refer to the code table above to remind yourself how that works.
Here's the funny thing: the value for minimum code size isn'tactually the smallest code size that's used in the encodingprocess. Dr. antivirus 3.2.1. Because the minimum code size tells you how many bits areneeded just for the different colors of the image, you still have toaccount for the two special codes that we always add to the codetable. Therefore the actual smallest code size that will be used isone more than the value specified in the 'minimum' code sizebyte. Imagetobase64 1.2. I'll call this new value the first code size.
Xilisoft hd video converter 7.8.20 build 20170411 crack. We now know how many bytes the first code will be. This size will probably work for the next few codes as well, but recall that the GIF formatallows for flexible code sizes. As larger code values get added to your code table, you will soon realize that you need larger code sizes if you were to output those values. When you are encoding the data, you increaseyour code size as soon as your write out the code equal to 2^(current code size)-1. If you are decoding from codes to indexes,you need to increase your code size as soon as you add the code value thatis equal to 2^(current code size)-1 to your code table. That is, the next time you grab the next section of bits, you grab one more.
Note that the largest code size allowed is 12 bits. If you get to thislimit, the next code you encounter should be the clear code whichwould tell you to reinitialize the code table. You then go back to using the first code size and grow again when necessary.
Jumping back to our sample image, we see that we have a minimum codesize value of 2 which means out first code size will be 3 bits long. Out first three codes, #1 #6 and #6, would be coded as 001 110 and 110.If you see at Step 6 of the encoding, we added a code of #7 to our codetable. This is our clue to increase our code size because 7 is equal to2^3-1 (where 3 is our current code size). Thus, the next code we write out, #2, will use the new code size of 4 and therefore looklike 0010. In the decoding process, we again would increase our codesize when we read the code for #7 and would read the next 4, rather thanthe next 3 bits, to get the next code. In the sample table above thisoccurs in Step 2.
Finally we must turn all these bit values into bytes. The lowest bit of thecode bit value gets placed in the lowest available bit of the byte. Afteryou've filled up the 8 bits in the byte, you take any left over bits and start a new byte. Take a look at the following illustration to seehow that works with the codes from our sample image.
You can see in the first byte that was returned (8C) that the lowest three bits (because that wasour first code size) contain 110 which is the binary value of 4 sothat would be the clear code we started with, #4. In the three bits tothe left, you see 001 which out or first data code of #1. You can alsosee when we switched into code sizes of 4 bits in the second byte(2D).
When you run out of codes but have filled less than 8 bits of thebyte, you should just fill the remaining bits with zeros. Recall thatthe image data must be broken up onto data sub-blocks. Eachof the data sub-blocks begins with a byte that specifies how manybytes of data. The value will be between 1 and 255. After you readthose bytes, the next byte indicates again how many bytes of datafollow. You stop when you encounter a subblock that has a lenght ofzero. That tells you when you've reached the end of the image data. Inour sample the image the byte just after the LZW code size is 16 which indicates that 22 bytes of datafollow. After we reach those, we see the next byte is 00 which means we are all done.
Return codes from bytes the basically just the same process inreverse. A sample illustration of the process follows which shows howyou would extract codes if the first code size were 5 bits.
Next: Animation and Transparency
That is pretty much everything you need to know to read or generate a basic image file. One of the reasons the GIF becames such a popularformat was because it also allowed for 'fancier' features. Thesefeatures include animation and transparency. Next we'll look at how those work.